Social Isolation and Loneliness in Canada
Loneliness may be experienced at any age. However, it can be of particular concern amongst our elderly populations. Many life changes occur as an individual ages that may increase the likelihood of social isolation and loneliness. In 2009, 1.4 million Canadian seniors reported feelings of loneliness (Government of Canada, 2020). In Canada, Seniors are referred to as individuals who are aged 65 and older (Government of Canada, 2020). Social isolation is defined as infrequent participation in social events, absence of prosocial relationships and low quality of contact with others (City of Brantford, 2020). This criterion creates feelings of loneliness, lack of individual meaning and lack of community belonging (Government of Canada, 2020).
Socially isolated seniors are at higher risk for negative health behaviours
In a comparison between men and women, women were 5% more likely to report feelings of isolation and loneliness (Government of Canada, 2020). Feelings of social isolation were also more likely to occur where more social determinants of health appeared. These include: low-income households, lower-education households, disabilities, adequate healthcare etc. There is a significant amount of research that indicates a relationship between social isolation and negative health outcomes. Socially isolated seniors are at higher risk for negative health behaviours such as drinking and smoking, being sedentary and poor eating patterns (Canada, 2016). All of which can negatively impact an individual’s quality of life (Canada, 2016).
There are many risk factors associated with social isolation. These include; poor health, disabilities, gender, loss of a spouse, living alone, reduced social networks, aging, poverty and low-self esteem (Canada, 2016). According to the 2008/2009 Community Health Survey, 12% of people over the age of 65 reported feelings of social isolation (Government of Canada, 2020). Social isolation can lead to negative health outcomes, emotional distress and chronic feelings of loneliness (City of Brantford, 2020).
The City of Brantford has responded to our current COVID-19 pandemic by initiating over 900 connections with seniors during outreach calls to combat the negative outcomes of social isolation (City of Brantford, 2020). Early intervention is critical to the outcomes of social isolation in seniors. Ensuring positive interactions and community involvement can positively enhance an elderly’s quality and quantity of living.
Resources:
Canada E.A, Government of Canada